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=​FOREIGN POLICY Dalia Marchoud & Mindy Hiller =

==__**Timeline: **__ == **1796** - Treaty of Madrid established boundaries with Spanish colonies of Florida and Louisiana and guarenteed ** navigation rights ** on the Mississippi River.


 * 1797** - **Treaty of Tripoli** and **XYZ Affair** ; threat of war with France


 * 1798** - June-July. Congress passes what are collectively known as the Alien and Sedition Acts. These acts, the Naturalization Act, the Alien Act, the Sedition Act, and the Alien Enemies Act, are passed in the midst of a quasi-war with France and heightened public criticism of ** foreign policy. **


 * 1800** - Treaty of Mortefontaine with France; this ends the Quasi-War.


 * 1801** - New York passes **Emancipation Act**


 * 1803** - Louisiana Purchase January 18. Jefferson asks Congress for funds for an expedition to explore the Mississippi River and beyond in search of a route to the Pacific. Meriwether Lewis, Jefferson's private secretary, begins planning the expedition, which forms late in 1803.


 * 1806** - April 19. Jefferson nominates James Monroe and William Pinckney as joint commissioners to Great Britain. Jefferson hopes to resolve the issue and maintain American neutrality in the conflict between Great Britain and France.


 * 1806** - Monroe-Pinkney Treaty with Great Britain; DENIED by Jefferson


 * 1807** - ** Embargo Act **


 * 1807** - June 22. The British warship //Leopard// attacks the American ship //Chesapeake// off the Virginia coast because its captain refused to allow the British to board and search for deserters. Three American seamen are killed and eighteen wounded as the British force a boarding and remove four alleged deserters. After learning of the attack on June 25, Jefferson calls an emergency cabinet meeting.

- July. Jefferson and his cabinet release a proclamation closing American ports to all British ships except those with emergencies or on diplomatic missions. The //Revenge// will carry an ultimatum to Great Britain. Meanwhile, state governors are to call up troops for the federal army. Winfield Scott joins the army as a corporal.


 * 1808** - presidential election handily, despite a challenge from his estranged friend, James Monroe. Throughout his first term Madison was preoccupied by disputes with France, Great Britain, and Spain. By 1810 France had repealed its commercial restrictions, at least nominally, and in the same year Madison seized the province of West Florida from Spain, thereby consolidating American control of the Gulf Coast. But with respect to Great Britain, his efforts were unavailing, and beginning in November 1811, he urged Congress to mobilize the country's defenses. In June 1812 he asked for and received a declaration of war against Great Britain.


 * 1812** - War of 1812 with Britain


 * 1814** - Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812

- British burn Capitol building in Washington


 * 1815** - Napoleon finally, finally defeated at Waterloo.


 * 1819** - ** Adams-Onis Treaty **


 * 1823** - ** Monroe Doctrine **

controlled for the seizing of American ships fishing in the Argentine waters.
 * 1833** - Argentina. U.S Navy attacks the Falkland Islands which then was owned under Argentine


 * 1835** - Texas declares independence from Mexico


 * 1837** -** Caroline Treaty **


 * 1845** - James K. Polk Doctrine; ** Manifest Destiny **


 * 1845** - ** Annexation ** of Republic of Texas


 * 1846** - War with Mexico


 * 1848** -** Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 **


 * 1850** - ** Clayton- Bulwer Treaty **


 * 1853** - ** Gadsden Purchase **


 * 1854** - ** Kanagawa Treaty **


 * 1864** - ** Maximilian Affair **


 * 1867** - Alaska is purchased from Russia for $7,200,000


 * 1868** - ** Berligame Treaty **


 * 1891** - ** Baltimore Crisis **


 * 1898** - Spanish-American War


 * 1898** - ** Treaty of Paris **


 * 1898** - Congress annexes the Hawaiian Republic


 * 1899-1901** - Philippine- American War


 * 1899** - ** Open Door Policy **

==__Pictures:__ ==

[[image:Picture1history.jpg width="467" height="332" align="center" caption="Shows the U.S keeping eyes out for all foreign relations"]]
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**__Article Links:__**


 * The Federalist Foreign Policy for America

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 * The Original American Foreign Policy

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 * Significance of the Monroe Doctrine on the U.S Foreign Policy from the War of 1812

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 * Diplomacy of the Early Republic


 * Convention of the 1800's

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**__Glossary:__**
 * Adams-Onis Treaty**
 * Spain ceded Florida to American for five million dollars.


 * Annexation**
 * To incorporate (territory) into an existing political unit such as a country, state, county, or city


 * Baltimore Crisis**
 * was was a diplomatic incident that took place between Chile and the United States of America as the result of US intervention in the Rebellion of 1891.


 * Berligame Treaty**
 * established for friendly relations with China; Chinese immigration was encouraged.
 * Caroline affair**
 * Canadian military burns a ship on U.S territory


 * Clayton- Bulwer Treaty**
 * was a treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom, negotiated in 1850 by John M. Clayton and Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, in consequence of the situation created by the project of an inter oceanic canal across Nicaragua, each signatory being jealous of the activities of the other in Central America.

> > > > > This act did not make a difference to the more than half million slaves in Britain's Caribbean colonies, for although the Emancipation Act outlawed slavery in theory, the slaves had to wait another four years for the most elementary liberties.
 * Emancipation Act**
 * On August 1, 1834, the Emancipation Act came into force, after fifty years of bitter debate in Britain over the morality and profitability of slavery. It did not abolish servitude, but it was the first significant promise of freedom.


 * Embargo Act**
 * law passed by Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson in 1807. This law stopped all trade between America and any other country. The goal was to get Britain and France, who were fighting each other at the time, to stop restricting American trade. The Act backfired, and the American people suffered. The Act was ended in 1809.


 * Foreign policy**
 * a policy governing international relations


 * Gadsden Purchase**
 * The Gadsden Purchase, or Treaty, was an agreement between the United States and Mexico, finalized in 1854, in which the United States agreed to pay Mexico $10 million for a 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico that later became part of Arizona and New Mexico.


 * Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848, Treaty of**
 * is the peace treaty, largely dictated by the United States to the interim government of a militarily occupied Mexico, that ended the Mexican-American War


 * Kanagawa Treaty**
 * opened the Japanese ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to United States trade, guaranteed the safety of shipwrecked U.S. sailors; however, the treaty did not create a basis for establishing a permanent residence in these locations

> Manifest  Destiny was also behind American political actions overseas. Although the term ceased to be used in a political context in the early twentieth century, the far-reaching impact of  <span class="yellowFadeInnerSpan" style="background-color: #ffffcc; left: 0px; opacity: 0.514; position: absolute; top: 0px;"> Manifest <span class="yellowFadeInnerSpan" style="background-color: #ffffcc; left: 0px; opacity: 0.514; position: absolute; top: 0px;"> Destiny  was clear. A section of the  <span class="yellowFadeInnerSpan" style="background-color: #ffffcc; left: 0px; opacity: 0.514; position: absolute; top: 0px;"> Manifest <span class="yellowFadeInnerSpan" style="background-color: #ffffcc; left: 0px; opacity: 0.514; position: absolute; top: 0px;"> Destiny  editorial reminded Americans that they were uniquely positioned to spread democracy throughout the world, and this concept clearly played a role in twentieth century American foreign policy. Many historians use the term “  <span class="yellowFadeInnerSpan" style="background-color: #ffffcc; left: 0px; opacity: 0.514; position: absolute; top: 0px;"> Manifest <span class="yellowFadeInnerSpan" style="background-color: #ffffcc; left: 0px; opacity: 0.514; position: absolute; top: 0px;"> Destiny  ” to refer to the period in American history which was marked by rapid expansion “from sea to shining sea” through annexation of the Western half of the continent.
 * Manifest Destiny**
 * The idea of  <span class="yellowFadeInnerSpan" style="background-color: #ffffcc; left: 0px; opacity: 0.514; position: absolute; top: 0px;">


 * Maximilian Affair**
 * was the diplomatic crisis resulting from French Emperor Napoleon III placing Austrian Archduke Maximilian on the throne of Mexico. Despite this violation of the Monroe Doctrine, the United States could not respond militarily due to the ongoing Civil War.


 * Monroe Doctrine**
 * said that further efforts by European governments to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention.


 * Navigation Rights**
 * The right to search, explore, and territorize any are found.


 * Open Door Policy**
 * is a concept in foreign affairs. As a theory, the Open Door Policy originates with British commercial practice, as was reflected in treaties concluded with Qing Dynasty China after the First Opium War


 * Paris, Treaty of**
 * The Treaty of Paris was signed by U.S. and British Representatives on September 3, 1783, ending the War of the American Revolution. Based on a1782 preliminary treaty, the agreement recognized U.S. independence and granted the U.S. significant western territory


 * Tripoli, Treaty of**
 * was signed at Tripoli on November 4, 1796 and at Algiers on January 3, 1797, finally receiving ratification from the U.S. Senate on June 7, 1797 and signed by President John Adams on June 10, 1797.


 * XYZ Affair**
 * is a diplomatic episode that soured relations between France and the United States and led to an undeclared naval war called the Quasi War; it took place from March of 1797 to 1800.

[Three French agents, publicly referred to as X, Y, and Z, but later revealed as Jean Conrad Hottinguer, Pierre Bellamy and Lucien Hauteval, demanded major concessions from the United States as a condition for continuing bilateral peace negotiations. The concessions demanded by the French included 50,000 pounds sterling, a $12 million loan from the United States, a $250,000 personal bribe to French foreign minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, and a formal apology for comments made by U.S. President John Adams.] ​

<span style="background-color: #90c9e4; color: #ffffff; display: block; font-size: 240%; text-align: center;">CITATIONS! http://www.foreignpolicy.com/users/login.php?story_id=4096&URL=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4096

http://www.harrybrowne.org/GLO/ForeignPolicy.htm

http://www.populistamerica.com/a_foreign_policy_for_america

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